Robotics

Simulators let a robot practise for a hundred years overnight. They still cannot tell you when a policy is safe to run on the real cell. That call stays with people.

A 0.04 mm repeatability spec does not mean your robot puts parts within 0.04 mm. Here is where the rest of the error comes from, and who decides how much is enough.

IMU, wheel odometry, GPS, LiDAR and cameras all lie in different ways. Sensor fusion is the craft of knowing which one is lying right now.